![]() The other component of the paper that most readers will attend to is the Abstract. Because much of the audience only read the Title, it should convey the main take-home point. The first and most lasting impression readers have of a scientific publication is the Title. Write down notes, consider implications for practice, discuss with a colleague. Sadly, scientific literature becomes less and less readable over time, with authors lacking the skill or motivation to write concisely and straightforwardly. If you find and spend time reading ten low-quality papers from obscure predatory journals, you will not draw accurate conclusions about your clinical question. For instance, when using Google Web search, you may find non-peer-reviewed papers and non-indexed manuscripts, which likely will have less reliability. Pay close attention to the journal in which papers appear. ![]() You can filter the search by year, subject type (human or animal), article type (trials, review), etc. Unlike a general Google web search, Pubmed Clinical Queries and Google Scholar perform very well, though different users will have different preferences. Tactics are described elsewhere, but one should explore different tools such as OVID, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. The literature search is a crucial feature of practicing EBM. One, two, or a handful of papers cannot establish a new standard of care thus, one must always exercise caution in rushing to adopt practices gleaned from limited evidence that may prove false in subsequent research. One main distinction involves whether a study describes a quality improvement project (measuring adherence to the current standard of care) or presenting new data (potential changes to the standard of care). This chapter focuses on the practical aspects of reading a paper. Other StatPearls chapters cover different types of studies (retrospective, prospective, cohort, case-control, blinded, epidemiologic, etc.). The fundamental skill in evaluating the results of a literature search is understanding and interpreting a scientific paper. This suggests that Erfurt was the place where the scroll was used, cherished and eventually repaired.The first step in answering a question about clinical management (and the first step in embarking upon one’s own research) is searching for the existing literature on a topic. ![]() The ink used on the replacement sheets contained zinc, which is characteristic of other Erfurt manuscripts as well. The divine name YHWH (יהוה) was written in a smaller script than the surrounding text on three replacement sheets using the same two-stage procedure. Erfurt 7 emerges from this study not only as a ritual object used for liturgy, but as a rallying point for the Jews of Erfurt to come together as a community to express their reverence for the written form of God’s name. In Erfurt 7, the two-stage procedure was only performed in the first 1.5 columns of the original sheets, suggesting it may have been part of a public ceremony inaugurating the writing of the divine names in the scroll. According to some medieval sources, the divine appellations were sometimes filled in during a second stage of writing in the presence of ten men from the Jewish community. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) has shown that the light and dark brown inks had similar elemental compositions, but contained different ratios of iron to potassium, which could be explained by the use of different batches of ink. The appearance of the ink employed to write the appellations was significantly darker than that of the surrounding ink. The scribe of ‘Erfurt 7’, a thirteenth-century Torah scroll now kept in Berlin, initially left blank spaces for the divine appellations Elohim (אלהים) and YHWH Elohim (יהוה אלהים) which were filled in during a second stage of writing.
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